OSI Layers Model | 7 Layers, Characteristics, Functions SimiTech

OSI Layers and their functions

In this article, we will be explaining the different layers of the OSI model. Also, we will be describing their functions and examples. So, let’s checkout.

Table of Contents

What is OSI Model?

The OSI Model is a logical and logical model that describes network connectivity. It is used by applications that are open to communication and interaction with other systems. Open System Interconnection (OSI Model) also represents a logical network model. It effectively represents computer packet transfer through different layers of protocols.

History of OSI Model

At the late 1970s, ISO developed a plan to improve common standards and communication systems.
In 1973, the Experimental Packet Switched System in the UK identified the need to define high-quality protocols.
Also, In 1983, the OSI model was originally intended for a detailed specification of the actual encounter.
In 1984, the development of OSI was officially recognized by ISO as a global standard.

The 7 Layers of the OSI Model

Layers Name	Function	Protocols
Physical	It provides all physical, mechanical, and electrical Support.	RS232, 100BaseTX, ISDN, 11
Data Link	It helps in combining all bits to frames for delivery.	RAPA, PPP, Frame Relay, ATM, Fiber Cable, etc.
Network	This helps in transferring all the packets from one to another. Also, provides internetworking.	IPV5, IPV6, ICMP, IPSEC, ARP, MPLS.
Transport	It helps to build the network layer so that data can be transferred.	TCP, UDP
Session	It helps in establishing, managing, and also in terminating the session	NetBIOS, SAP
Presentation	This layer translate, encrypt and compress the data.	NetBIOS, SAP
Application	This helps in allowing access to the network resources.	SMTP, HTTP, FTP, POP3, SNMP

Physical layers

Firstly, The physical layer helps you to define the electrical and physical specifications of data connections. So, this physical layer establishes the relationship between the user device and the transmission medium. Also, this layer does not care about protocols or other high-level materials.

Examples of hardware in the body layer are network adapters, ethernet, duplicates, communication domains, etc.

The function of Physical layers

Receive data, convert data into bits, and send to the data link layer.
It helps to synchronize at a lower level by setting a control clock for both recipients and senders.
Defines a transfer mode in which data flows between two communication devices.

Data-link layers

The data link layer fixes possible errors in the physical layer. So, this layer allows you to define a set of rules to establish and disconnect between two connected network devices.

So, IP address is an understandable layer. That helps you to define a logical address so that any storage location is identified.

The layer also helps you to use the package route via the network. It helps you define a route, which allows you to take data from the source to your destination.

There are two types of sublayers here:

Media Access Control (MAC) layer– This controls the access ganing process and the user permit system.
Logical link control layer– It is for the network protocols and to find the network related errors.

The function of Data-link layers

Allows you to add a header independently to specify the location address of the source and destination machine
Adds sensible sender and recipient addresses
It is also responsible for the process of obtaining the delivery process for the delivery of the entire message.
It also provides an error management system where it receives referrals for damage or missing frames.
The Datalink layer also provides a way to transfer data through independent connected networks.

Transport layers

The transport layer works between the network layer and the session layer. Ensures end-to-end transfer of data. It also provides notification to the sender node when the data transfer is complete. If an error occurred during the transfer, the transport layer resumes the data.

Since the transport layer deals with packet transfer between the sender and receiver channel. It essentially works with TCP, UDP protocols to transfer packets.

The function of Transport layers

It divides the message received from the session background into sections and adds them to numbers to form a sequence.
The transport layer guarantees that the message is delivered in the exact order on the target machine.
It also ensures that every message that arrives without one error should be shown.

Network layers

The network layer transfers data from one channel to another. It is also helpful to choose the shortest route from one host to another. This also helps to deliver the data at the best time. This process is called routing. It also includes the IP addresses of the sender and recipient in the subject.

Network coverage provides logical communication between different network devices. It also plays an important role in addressing them. When incoming data reaches the network layer, it adds the destination and the source address by title.

Network layers use various protocols such as IPv4 / IPv6, ARP, ICMP to perform their functionality.

Network Layer of OSI layers Model — Source://static.studytonight.com/

Session layers

This is the layer responsible for allowing and denying connections between both devices. The time between the granting and revoking of a connection is known as the session. The session layer guarantees that the session waits open enough to transmit all dynamic information. Then closes the session immediately to avoid wasting resources.

The session layer also synchronizes data change with the test locations. For example, while transferring a 100-MB file, a session layer can set a viewing point on every 5 MB. In the event of disconnection or crash next after the transfer of 52 MB. The session may be restarted from the terminal test location. This means that there are only 50 MB that requires to be transferred.

The function of Session layers

Establishes, maintains, and completes the session.
The session layer enables two systems to enter a conversation
It also allows the process of adding a viewing location to data stream.

Presentation layers

The presentation layer provides syntax and explanation of data exchanged between two network systems. It provides translation, encoding, decoding and is also popular as the translation layer.

This layer also guarantees data privacy by providing encryption and deleting data encryption. It helps to reduce the number of bits needed to represent the data. This process is formally known as data compression.

To ensure the privacy and security of the data being transferred, the presentation layer uses the SSL or TSL protocol.

Presentation Layer of OSI layers Model — Source ://static.studytonight.com/

Functions

Translation of character code from ASCII to EBCDIC.
Data compression: This allows to reduce the number of bits that need to be transmitted to a network.
Data encryption: Helps you encrypt data for security purposes – for example, password encryption.
Provides user interface and support for services such as email and file transfers.

Application layers

The application layer carries out the application process, which is the highest level of the OSI model. The application layer is the lowest layer of the OSI model, very close to the end-user. This means that the application layer of the OSI model allows users to cooperate with all kinds of software applications.

The application layer integrates with software applications to create a communication object. The translation of data by the application process remains outside the OSI model.

Examples of application Layers are:- Browsers, Online meeting apps, etc.

Application Layer of OSI layers Model — Source ://static.studytonight.com/

Functions

The layout of the program helps you identify network partners, determine resource availability, and synchronize communication.
Allows users to sign in to a remote host
This layer provides a variety of email services
This application presents a database of data and entrance to global information about various objects and services.

Conclusion

So, these were the OSI model layer. In order for data readable to be transmitted over a network from one device to another. The data must go through these seven layers to show up.

So, every time you transfer any data on any network. All these processes run in the background.

I Hope, You liked the article, about OSI layers. So, if you liked this OSI layers article please share it with your friends and social media Account. Also, do not forget to comment down any suggestions on the OSI layers.

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